Ukraine – May 2nd & 1st, 2023 Sitrep
By: Bohdan Chomiak & Robert Homans
May 2, 2023
NOTE: Due to commitments relating to my “day job,” I may be out of the picture for a couple of days. If so, I’ll keep forwarding what Bohdan sends me, but without any commentary coming from me.
Damage to Ukraine’s Agricultural Sector/ Kyiv School of Economics
Their estimate is $8.7 billion, which sounds low. The article states that the total is only for the most affected regions that are shown on the map.
It also states that the total doesn’t include damage to land resources. Anyone watching videos of pitched battles cannot miss all the shell craters that, collectively, make farmland unusable.
“Spring Returns to Ukraine’s Economy”/Financial Times
The article argues that Ukraine’s GDP growth likely exceeds the latest predictions by the IMF. For those of you who cannot open the article, here are the reasons why the author thinks that Ukraine’s growth rate is exceeding predictions, but with the caveat that “Ukraine’s balance of payments and government budget are completely reliant on foreign financing, to the tune of up to one-third of GDP when everything is taken into account. This, we should note, is not an anomaly. It is the way we should want an ally to run a wartime economy where vast domestic resources must be devoted to defence.”
The 4 reasons why the author believes Ukraine is achieving stronger growth include:
“First is the remarkable adaptability of Ukrainians, also in economic life. Behind the statistics of a return to modest growth are thousands of stories of rapidly restructured value chains and production and delivery processes. This is an extraordinary agile economy, it turns out. Many of the people I spoke to raved about Nova Poshta, a postal business that underpins an online retail economy. “I can get a shipment from Kyiv to Kharkiv in six hours,” one executive gushed to me. The level of digitisation, too, should leave many western European countries (and the US) envious. While this helps in the current dire situation, it also holds enormous promise for the future.”
“Second, the big fall in activity — it should be clear by now that “collapse” is the wrong word — sets things up for at least the possibility of very strong growth. The more deeply depressed an economy is, the faster it can grow in the short run. And if the big causes that lopped off a third of activity last year turn round — more victories, and Ukrainians returning — double-digit growth is entirely possible, even likely.”
“Third, since a lot of economic dynamics are self-reinforcing, a lot hinges on whether you can turn from pessimistic to optimistic expectations. If the current growth dynamics can be sustained, they are likely to accelerate. More Ukrainians will find that the risks of returning are worth it. Higher tax revenues will give the government greater room for manoeuvre. The realisation that there is money to be made will begin to get the attention of foreign investors. I am not saying this will happen, but that it is a plausible scenario — and one that is clearly in Ukraine’s allies to do what they can to realise — if the war does not take a turn for the worse, and especially if it takes a turn for the better.”
“Fourth and finally, this means there are important economic arguments for more military support for Ukraine, and greater air capabilities specifically. If the free part of the country could be made safe against air attacks, then even with stasis on the front line you may start to see more people returning home — and triggering the sort of virtuous cycle I have described. From the point of view of Ukraine’s partners, this would lighten the need for budgetary aid. So, to increase military support further is not just morally right, it is also much cheaper.” (Bold Face & underlining added for emphasis)
As the article states, a major “wild card” is how many refugees will return, and when?
“Ukraine’s Arms Industry Survives Russian Onslaught to Hit Back”/Wall Street Journal
Before the latest Russian invasion, Ukraine had one of the World’s largest arms industry. According to this article Ukrboronprom, Ukraine’s State-owned arms manufacturer, has delivered “eight times more weapons to Ukraine’s military in the last year than the one before.”
Ukrboronprom has been able to keep Ukraine’s Soviet-era artillery in the war, through continued production of 152mm artillery shells and production of replacement parts, including gun barrels. The article also describes the notable successes of weapons produced in Ukraine, including the sinking of the Russian cruiser “Moskva” by 3 Neptune missiles, and Ukraine’s use of the Bohdana self-propelled howitzer to neutralize Snake Island by forcing the Russians to evacuate.
Ukrboronprom has had their problems, with Russian sympathizers occupying senior corporate positions. The company has to replace sales to Russia, which used to be a major customer.
There is certainly potential for the involvement of future investments by Western arms manufacturers in the Ukrainian arms industry. One difficulty that will be necessary to overcome is the fact that the industry has, in the past relied on a large employee base, far greater than Western firms. For example before the war Motor Sich, a world-class manufacturer of helicopter engines and gas turbines, employed approximately 22,000 people, far greater than Western peers.
News From the Battlefield
Biological Warfare, Russian Style – Reporting from Ukraine described how the Russians were digging a trench line near the contact line in Zaporizhzhia. They dug into a burial pit that included cows and other livestock that had been infected with Anthrax, resulting in the entire Russian unit being put into quarantine. As a friend of mine is fond of saying, “you cannot make this up!”
Reporting From Ukraine also stated that the Russian missile strike in Pavlograd destroyed a Ukrainian ammunition dump. It’s a reasonable conclusion, sine Pavlograd is located near a likely staging ground for Ukraine’s anticipated counteroffensive. However, according to the Latest Denys, at around 16:30 into his video, the report that Russia destroyed a Ukrainian ammunition dump, is not true. Instead, according to Denys, the attack destroyed a storage facility for rocket fuel that had been left over since before the collapse of the Soviet Union. Pavlograd is near the City of Dnipro, which called in Soviet times “Rocket City.” Dnipro was the site of the major facility that used to produce Soviet ICBMs and IRBMs. Therefore, what Denys is reporting makes sense.
May 2nd & 1st Sitreps (my comment in bold face)
Russian Invasion of Ukraine 12:00 noon May 1 to 12:00 noon May 2, 2023
Abbreviations:
RMA = Regional Military Administration SBU = Security Service of Ukraine
RASHISTS = russian Facists/all russian invaders
INTERNATIONAL
Tuesday May 2
9:06 am: With weapons transferred by Germany, Ukraine should not shell Russian territory, - German Chancellor Olaf Scholz.
· "These rules are followed by other Western powers that supply Ukraine with weapons to counter the Russian attack, with all the necessary assistance, everything must be done to prevent a war between Russia and NATO," Scholz said.
· Starting from August, Ukraine can count on receiving ammunition for self-propelled anti-aircraft guns transferred by Germany Gepard, says German Chancellor Olaf Scholz.
08:07 AM The United States evacuated 700 people from the Sudanese capital in three convoys. This was stated at a briefing in Washington by US Deputy State Department spokesman Vedant Patel
8:06 Institute for the Study of War: The Russian Ministry of Defense has changed its rhetoric about shelling Ukraine: they try to portray a proactive approach to the growing concern of the Russian information space about the counteroffensive of the Armed Forces of Ukraine.
12:19 AM: Switzerland cannot allow the re-export of arms to Ukraine because the country has passed a law prohibiting such assistance.
· This was reported by Permanent Representative of Switzerland to the United Nations Pascal Berisville at a press conference.
· She recalled that Switzerland provides Ukraine with a lot of humanitarian aid and has hosted refugees. According to her, until the parliament changes such norms, military assistance remains impossible.
Monday May 1
11:30 pm: National Security Council strategic communications coordinator John Kirby says his country has donated nearly 100% of the equipment needed for the counteroffensive to Ukraine.
· In addition, according to him, the United States will soon provide Ukraine with an additional package of military assistance.
10:29 pm: During the presidency of the EU Council, Poland will do everything for Ukraine, together with Moldova, to become part of the European Union.
· This was stated by Polish President Andrzej Duda on the 19th anniversary of the country's accession to the EU.
· "We are supporters of the open door policy, so I also look at the countries of the Western Balkans," Duda added.
9:11 p.m.: Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of Ukraine Valerii Zaluzhnyi had a telephone conversation with the Chairman of the US Joint Chiefs of Staff, General Mark Milley.
· "I informed in detail about the situation in all sectors of the front. The situation is difficult, but controlled.
· He stressed the need to strengthen the capabilities of the air defense system," Zaluzhnyi wrote.
8:26 pm: Finland will allow the United States to station its military bases in the country, — Helsingin Sanomat.
· It is noted that the agreement on defense cooperation (DCA) between Finland and the United States will provide for the possibility of staying on Finnish territory of American troops and military equipment, as well as conducting military exercises.
8:11 pm: China voted in favor of a UN resolution calling Russia the aggressor.
· The results of the vote were announced by Permanent Representative of Ukraine to the United Nations Sergiy Kyslytsya.
· In total, 122 countries voted for this resolution. Votes "against" came from 5 states: Russia, Belarus, North Korea, Nicaragua and Syria.
7:42 pm: Switzerland has assumed the presidency of the UN Security Council instead of Russia.
· This was reported by the Swiss Foreign Ministry on Twitter.
· "This is a chance to push the work of the Council," the ministry said.
6:36 pm: During protests in France, a Molotov cocktail was thrown at a policeman – media.
· French media call today's demonstration one of the largest in the country in recent times.
· Recall that earlier protests broke out across the country over the adopted pension reform.
5:59 pm: Volodymyr Zelenskyy had a phone conversation with Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau.
· "He noted the beginning of the confiscation of Russian assets and called for increased sanctions pressure on Russia.
· We agreed on positions on the eve of the NATO summit and other international events," the president wrote.
4:11 pm: Georgia was not granted the status of a candidate for EU membership because the leadership of the republic refused to join sanctions against Russia, - Tbilisi Mayor Kakha Kaladze.
· "The refusal to grant candidate status was a political decision, and the public understands very well why this happened. The Georgian authorities are a problem for them, because they do not join the sanctions, do not start the war, do not open the "second front" in the country," he said.
1:22 pm Sunday Times: South Africa asked Putin not to come to the BRICS summit, but to participate via Zoom.
· It is noted that the Republic of South Africa is among the countries that have signed the Rome Statute, which obliges it to comply with the decision of the ICC, and therefore to arrest Putin.
· "We have no option not to arrest Putin. If he comes here, we will have to arrest him," a South African government spokesman said.
NATIONAL
Tuesday May 2
11:10 am: Russia needs to be cut off from Crimea - to make sure that it cannot use the temporarily occupied peninsula for military purposes and, ultimately, makes the so-called "Crimean gesture of goodwill", - representative of the Defence Intelligence of Ukraine Andriy Chernyak.
· According to him, Ukraine does not stop taking appropriate measures in the Crimean direction, which, in particular, is evidenced by recent events on the territory of the peninsula.
10:35 am: Unified register of missing persons launched in Ukraine - Ministry for Reintegration
· The register will collect and centralize data on missing persons: name of the person, place and date of birth, marital status, place of residence, territory where the disappearance occurred, circumstances and time of disappearance, signs of the person.
· Also, the register will include information on the presence or absence of a court decision declaring persons missing or declaring dead, as well as other data that will contribute to the search for a person.
9:34 am: Ukraine continues to conduct a defensive operation and deter the Russian Armed Forces in the east of the country, - said Commander of the Land Forces of Ukraine Oleksandr Syrsky.
· "We give our reserves the opportunity to prepare, we prepare ourselves for further actions," Syrsky said.
7:08 AM General Staff of the Armed Forces of Ukraine: The Russians continue to focus their main efforts on conducting offensive operations in the Liman, Bakhmut, Avdiivka and Mariinsky directions - 41 attacks by Russian troops have been repelled. Bakhmut and Marinka remain in the epicenter of hostilities, Ukrainian soldiers are holding the defense.
· Russian military strengthen counterintelligence and police regimes in the temporarily occupied territory of Zaporizhzhia region - General Staff of the Armed Forces of Ukraine.
· In particular, in the settlements of Dorozhnianka, Reshetylivka, Kostiantynivka and Chumatske, they banned civilians from entering without local registration.
· In Hornostaivka, Kherson region, there are significant problems with cellular communication of Russian operators, in contrast to the stable communication of national operators of Ukraine, - the General Staff of the Armed Forces of Ukraine.
· The local command of the Russian troops explains this fact by the results of the defeat inflicted by the Armed Forces of Ukraine.
· Aviation of the Defense Forces destroyed 3 Russian anti-aircraft missile systems and inflicted 7 strikes on areas of concentration of Russian personnel during the day. An Orlan-10 type reconnaissance UAV was also shot down, - the General Staff of the Armed Forces of Ukraine.
· During the day, units of missile troops and artillery hit a control point, 6 areas of concentration of weapons and military equipment, 2 ammunition depots and 1 warehouse of Russian fuel and lubricants.
Monday May 1
11:09 pm: We are entering the finish line in the preparation of the counteroffensive of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, - Minister of Defense of Ukraine Oleksii Reznikov on the air of a telethon.
· The head of the Ministry of Defense named three key factors that will make the counteroffensive successful:
o availability of necessary weapons;
o trained and trained warriors who know their plan of action on the battlefield;
o ensuring the offensive with "everything necessary" (we are talking about constant restoration and replenishment of stocks of shells, ammunition, fuel, etc.).
6:50 pm Update from the General Staff of the Armed Forces of Ukraine as of 18:00 on May 1:
· "In total, during the day, the enemy inflicted 19 missile strikes, 13 air strikes and carried out 13 attacks from multiple launch rocket systems.
· Unfortunately, there are dead and wounded civilians, including children.
· Residential high-rise buildings, private residential buildings, schools, hospitals, kindergartens and other civilian infrastructure were destroyed and damaged."
· "The enemy continues to focus its main efforts on conducting offensive operations in the Liman, Bakhmut, Avdiivka and Mariinsky directions - more than 30 enemy attacks were repulsed during the day.
· Bakhmut and Marinka remain in the epicenter of hostilities, our soldiers bravely hold the defense."
· "Aviation of the Defense Forces during the day inflicted 4 strikes on areas of concentration of enemy personnel.
· Missile troops and artillery units hit the control point, 2 areas of concentration of weapons and military equipment, 2 ammunition depots and 1 warehouse of enemy fuel and lubricants."
5:20 pm: Ukraine proposes to replace the Commission for the Regulation of Gambling and Lotteries (CRGL) with an IT system.
· This was announced by Deputy Prime Minister, Minister of Digital Transformation Mykhailo Fedorov.
· According to him, this will remove the human factor in issuing licenses - the process will become automatic and will take place according to clear criteria.
4:59 pm: Minister for Reintegration of the Temporarily Occupied Territories of Ukraine Iryna Vereshchuk called on residents of the temporarily occupied territories not to take Russian passports and not to cooperate with the enemy in any way.
· According to Vereshchuk, Russians want Ukrainians to either become citizens of the Russian Federation or leave the temporarily occupied territories. But she is convinced that, firstly, it is impossible to turn Ukrainians into Russians even with the help of forced passportization, and secondly, they (Russians - ed.) will not stay long in Ukraine.
3:51 pm: Spokesman for the Air Force Command of the Armed Forces of Ukraine Yuriy Ihnat told how much more difficult it is for air defenses to work at night.
· During the day, air defense can more accurately fix targets due to visual reference to them. However, for complexes equipped with radars, the target may be harder to spot if it descends to a low altitude.
· "Night time plays a minor role for large air defense systems, but can be critical for operators of MANPADS, anti-aircraft guns and mobile fire groups, who need to have a clearer idea of the target," said Yuriy Ihnat.
2:32 pm: 2,217 aerial bombs have been neutralized by SES units since the beginning of the full-scale invasion, - the press service of the SES.
1:51 pm: Ukrainian Su-25 aircraft equipped with air-to-surface missiles called Zuni, according to the military portal Defense Express.
· The United States announced the transfer of unguided 127mm air missiles in January 2023.
· First, the missiles were published on social networks with two painted over the aircraft's suspension points, and later their photo along with the aircraft was published by the Commander of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, Lieutenant-General Mykola Oleshchuk.
Here is more information about Zuni rockets (we assume that Ukraine has the laser guided version). In its air-to-ground version, the Zuni will provide the Ukrainian Air Force additional stand-off capability against Russian ground troops and equipment, in support of the upcoming counterattack.
Mordor - russia
Tuesday May 2
10:08 am British intelligence: Ammunition shortage causes internal divisions in Russia, and due to problems on the front, Moscow dismisses generals
· The shortage of ammunition leads to internal conflicts between the Ministry of Defense and PMC "Wagner", and the highest priority is given to the mobilization of the defense industry, despite the fact that it is not able to cover the needs of wartime.
Monday May 1
10:49 pm: New interception of the Defence Intelligence of Ukraine:
· The Russian military complains about the unsatisfactory behavior of the leadership and the forced collection of funds from subordinate personnel.
6:22 pm Social Networks: Smoke rises in temporarily occupied Sevastopol.
6:11 pm: Explosions are heard in temporarily occupied Sevastopol, according to local residents.
· The so-called "local authorities" report a drone attack.
03:11 pm: In the Gatchina district of the Leningrad region, three more explosive devices were found at the site of a power line explosion, according to Russian media.
· The operational services of the FSB and the Ministry of Internal Affairs continue to work on the spot.
2:11 pm CNN: Russia is not ready for Ukraine's counteroffensive.
· The Russian Federation no longer has those forces and power, especially in the professional unit due to the destruction of professional troops.
· In addition, the stocks of ammunition in the Russian Armed Forces are running out, and internal strife in the Russian military leadership is constantly growing, journalists say.
1:36 pm Institute For the Study of War: The Russians are preparing to conduct their own offensive in southern Ukraine in case a potential Ukrainian counteroffensive fails.
· "The fact that high-ranking Russian officials and law enforcement agencies are discussing possible candidates for the post of heads of various districts of the Zaporizhzhia region, which are currently under Ukrainian control, was cited by a Russian source as further evidence of Russia's plans to move south," the statement said.
KHARKIV
Tuesday May 2
10:20 am Kharkiv RMA: This morning, Russians again shelled border settlements in the region. Unfortunately, civilians are suffering.
· The village of Petropavlivka, Kupiansk district, was under attack. According to preliminary data, a 73-year-old woman received a shrapnel wound. Now doctors provide the victim with all the necessary assistance.
9:21 am Kharkiv RMA: Last day, Russians continued terrorist shelling of settlements in Kharkiv, Chuhuiv and Kupiansk districts of the region
· As a result of shelling in the village of Kucherivka, Kupiansk district, a 65-year-old man was injured and hospitalized. In the village 3 private houses, outbuildings, vehicles were damaged. A 57-year-old man was wounded in Vovchansk. In the village of Olkhuvatka, shelling damaged a private house and an outbuilding.
Monday May 1
3:32 pm: According to preliminary estimates, about $ 9.5 billion is needed to restore Kharkiv from the consequences of Russian aggression.
· This was announced by Kharkiv Mayor Igor Terekhov on the air of a telethon.
· Terekhov clarified that they mean the restoration of not only residential buildings, but also energy infrastructure, administrative buildings, etc.
LUHANSK
Monday May 1
12:36 pm Luhansk RMA: The enemy does not stop artillery pressure on our positions and settlements where people still remain.
· "Last night alone, in the area of the nearby settlements of Makiivka and Novovodiane, Russian shelling led to 28 explosions," Lysohor said.
DONETSK
Tuesday May 2
11:27 am Donetsk RMA: At night, Russians launched a missile strike on Kramatorsk, wounding 1 person, damaging a school.
· Avdiivka was subjected to two massive shelling. Kurakhove came under fire three times, damaging an agricultural enterprise. 4 houses in Vasiukivka and 1 house in Toretsk community were damaged. Shelling was recorded on the outskirts of Chasovoyarska hromada. In Siversk, a person was injured, a high-rise building and 2 private houses were damaged. 6 times Russians shelled Liman community.
Monday May 1
9:55 pm: Since December last year, about 20,000 Russians have been killed in the battle for Bakhmut and their offensive has failed.
· It is reported by SkyNews with reference to the statement of the coordinator for strategic communications of the National Security Council of the United States John Kirby.
· According to White House estimates, Russia has lost 100,000 people over the past five months of fighting in Ukraine.
2:51 pm: In Avdiivka, under the rubble of a building hit by the Russian military on April 30, a man still remains a utility electrician, said MBA chief Vitaliy Barabash.
· He said that the Russian military hit a non-residential building. It is currently impossible to disassemble structures completely without special equipment.
12:22 pm Donetsk RMA: In Donetsk sector, Avdiivka came under Russian shelling 7 times - shells hit the residential sector and the territory of the Akhz Coke.
· During the day, shelling of Marinka and Krasnohorivka was recorded - a 2-storey building was re-damaged.
· In the Horlivka sector, a house in Toretsk and a house in Vasiukivka, Soledar community, were damaged.
· In Lysychansk sector, 3 houses in Zvanivka were damaged.
ZAPORIZHIA
Tuesday May 2
8:45 am Zaporizhia RMA: Over the past day, the Russians carried out 56 attacks on 15 settlements: Huliaipole and Orikhiv were again under air strikes, 51 artillery strikes and three UAV attacks hit frontline villages.
· 4 people were injured. In Huliaipol, elderly women born in 1938 and 1942, a man born in 1972 and a woman born in 1973 were injured.
Monday May 1
11:49 pm: Russian troops in temporarily occupied Berdyansk, Zaporizhzhia region, increased the number of mobile checkpoints, - Center of National Resistance.
· The so-called mobile checkpoints, detachments of the Russian military of 10-12 people, work in the format of spontaneous checks of the civilian population.
· "A car with occupiers can stop anywhere in the city and arrange an inspection of civilian cars and residents of the city. Traditionally, mobile phones are checked for information that partisans transmit to the Defense Forces," the CNS added.
9:25 p.m.: Explosions are heard in the temporarily occupied Tokmak, Zaporizhzhia region.
· This was reported by the mayor of the temporarily occupied Melitopol Ivan Fedorov.
4:31 pm: Three people wounded as result of another airstrike by the Russian army on the town of Huliaipole in the Zaporizhzhia region, - the Prosecutor General's Office.
· Also, private residential buildings and outbuildings were partially destroyed. The blast wave blew out windows and broke windows, damaged a car.
DNIPRO
Tuesday May 2
9:51 am Dnipro RMA: Russians shelled Nikopol at night. They hit with heavy artillery. It passed without dead and injured.
· Rescuers work in the town. They examine the territory and clarify the consequences of the attack.
Monday May 1
7:27 pm: Russian shelling in Pavlohrad damaged 24 high-rise buildings, according to the State Emergency Service.
· 80 private residential buildings, 9 school and preschool educational institutions and 5 shops were also damaged.
· In total, in the Pavlohrad district, previously, 34 people were injured, including 5 children.
KHERSON
Tuesday May 2
10:50 am Kherson RMA: Russians shelled peaceful settlements of Kherson region 71 times.
· The Russians attacked Kherson 11 times, firing 41 shells. They hit the territory and the factory building. They also hit residential areas of settlements in the region. Two people were injured.
3:38 AM Social Networks: Explosions heard in Kherson
12:38 AM Social Networks: Explosions heard in Kherson.
12:58 AM Social Networksa: Explosions heard in Kramatorsk, Donetsk region
Monday May 1
9:28 pm Social Networks: Explosions heard in Kherson.
7:57 pm Kherson RMA: Russians shelled Kherson again.
· "Due to shelling, private houses are burning, firefighters are working on the spot.
· It is known about one victim – a 30-year-old man was wounded in his arm, he was hospitalized," Prokudin wrote.
ODESA
Monday May 1
9:44 pm: The Security Service exposed a deputy of the Odessa regional council and his wife, who organized a raider seizure of land by the sea, the press service of the SBU reports.
· The offenders tried to seize the premises of JSC "Ukrposhta" near the coastal protective strip in the village of Zatoka, forging ownership documents.
· The court chose a measure of restraint in the form of detention with an alternative to bail of UAH 24.5 million. His wife and her assistant were taken into custody with an alternative to bail in the amount of UAH 8 million.
KYIV
Monday May 1
12:07 pm Kyiv RMA: System alert to be tested in Kyiv region
· The control technical check of the operation of operating electromechanical sirens will be carried out on May 1. It is planned to turn on several sound sirens in the interval 15:00-15:20.
· The goal is to test the software of the territorial automated centralized notification system.
CHERNIHIV
Monday May 1
5:40 pm Operational Command North: A 14-year-old child was killed in a Russian airstrike on the border of Chernihiv region.
· "Previously, 2 more civilians were wounded. Also, the building of the secondary school (not working) was partially destroyed and private houses were damaged," the message says.
4:39 pm Chernihiv RMA: Russians shelled an educational institution currently defunct in the Novgorod-Siverskyi district.
· According to him, there is evidence of the death of a child who was nearby. Information about the victims is being clarified.
Comparing Soviet invasion of Afghanistan to Russian invasion of Ukraine using Wikipedia and Ukraine Ministry of Defense Daily Bulletins. Soviet and Russian military losses not including captured equipment.
SOURCES
https://www.pravda.com.ua/eng/
https://espreso.tv/
https://cutt.ly/Blyskavka
May 1st Sitrep
Interrupted by the 2nd Russian rocket attack in 3 days
Russian Invasion of Ukraine 12:00 noon April 30 to 12:00 noon May 1, 2023
Abbreviations:
RMA = Regional Military Administration SBU = Security Service of Ukraine